Botrichyum
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Botrychium és un gènere de plantes de la família ofioglossàcia. Tenen arrels petites i fibroses i es reprodueixen per espores alliberades a l'aire. Una part de la fulla,el tropòsfor, és estèril i similar a una falguera, l'altra és fèrtil i porta grups d'esporangis. Algunes espècies només ocasionalment emergeixen a l'exterior del sòl i es nodreixen de la seva associació amb els fongs mycorrhiza.
Algunes espècies produeixen el sucre trehalosa.
Dins dels Països Catalans,[1] hi ha les següents espècies:
La circumscripció del gènere Botrychium és debatuda segons els autors, alguns inclouen els gèneres Botrypus i Sceptridium dins de Botrychium, i altres ho fan d'una altra manera. En la llista següent es fa servir el segon criteri:
Algunes espècies
Botrychium en sentit estricte
- Botrychium acuminatum W.H.Wagner 1990 – [2]
- Botrychium alaskense W.H.Wagner & J.R.Grant 2002[3] – Alaska moonwort[4]
- Botrychium ascendens W.H.Wagner 1986 –,[5] triangle-lobed moonwort, upward-lobed moonwort
- Botrychium boreale J.Milde 1857 –[6]
- Botrychium chamaeconium Bitter & Hieron. 1900[7]
- Botrychium campestre W.H.Wagner & Farrar –,[8] prairie dunewort, Iowa moonwort[9]
- Botrychium crenulatum W.H.Wagner 1981 –,[10] crenulate moonwort
- Botrychium daucifolium Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. 1830[11] – thin-leaved moonwort[12]
- Botrychium echo W.H.Wagner 1983[13] – reflected grapfern[14]
- Botrychium gallicomontanum Farrar & Johnson-Groh 1991[15] – Frenchman's Bluff moonwort[16]
- Botrychium hesperium Maxon & R.T.Clausen) W.H.Wagner & Lellinger 1981 – western moonwort[17]
- Botrychium japonicum (Prantl) Underw. 1898[18]
- Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel) Ångstr. 1854 –,[19] triangle grapefern, lance-leaved grapefern
- Botrychium lineare W.H.Wagner 1994 –,[20] narrowleaf grapefern[21]
- Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. 1801 – common moonwort,[22] grapefern moonwort
- Botrychium lunarioides (Michx.) Sw. 1806[23] – winter grapefern, prostrate grapefern[24]
- Botrychium matricariifolium (Döll) A. Braun ex W.D.J. Koch 1847[25] – daisy-leaved moonwort,[26] matricary grapefern, matricary moonwort, chamomile grapefern
- Botrychium minganense Vict. 1927 – Mingan's moonwort[27]
- Botrychium montanum W.H.Wagner – western goblin,[28] mountain moonwort
- Botrychium mormo W.H.Wagner 1981[15] – little goblin moonwort[29]
- Botrychium neolunaria sp. nov. ined. Stensvold & Farrar 2008 – common moonwort[30]
- Botrychium pallidum W.H.Wagner 1990 – Pale moonwort[31]
- Botrychium paradoxum W.H.Wagner 1981 – paradox moonwort,[32] peculiar moonwort
- Botrychium pedunculosum W.H.Wagner 1986 – stalked moonwort[33]
- Botrychium pinnatum H. St.John – northern moonwort[34]
- Botrychium pseudopinnatum W.H.Wagner 1990 – false northwestern moonwort,[35] false daisy-leaved grapefern
- Botrychium pumicola Coville ex Underw. 1900[36] – pumice moonwort, pumice grape-fern[37]
- Botrychium simplex E.Hitchc. 1823 – least moonwort,[38] little grapefern, least grapefern
- Botrychium socorrense W.H.Wagner 1989[39] – Isla Socorro moonwort
- Botrychium spathulatum W.H.Wagner 1990 – spatulate moonwort,[40] spoon-leaved moonwort
- Botrychium tunux Stensvold & Farrar 2002[41][42] – moosewort[43]
- Botrychium × watertonense W.H.Wagner [hesperium × paradoxum] – Waterton grapefern[44]
- Botrychium yaaxudakeit Stensvold & Farrar 2002[45][46] – giant moonwort, Yakutat moonwort[47]
Espècies de Botrychium ubicades a Botrypus
La falguera serp de cascavell tradicionalment s'ha ubicat dins el subgènere Botrychium, Osmundopteris, dins el gènere Osmunda[48] where it was previously placed.
- Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. 1801[49] – Rattlesnake fern,[50] common grapefern[51]
= Botrypus virginianus (L.) Michx. 1803
Espècies de Botrychium ubicades dins Sceptridium
Aquestes espècies tradicionalment s'han ubicat dins del subgènere Botrychium. Sceptridium, un nombasat en la semblança dels seus esporangis a "petits ceptres."[52]
- Botrychium australe R.Br. 1810[53] – Parsley Fern[54]
- = Sceptridium australe (R.Br.) Lyon 1905[55]
- Botrychium biforme Colenso 1886[56] – Fine-leaved parsley fern
- = Sceptridium biforme (Colenso) Lyon 1905[57]
- Botrychium biternatum (Savigny) Underw. 1896 – Sparse-lobed grapefern, Southern grapefern[58]
- = Osmunda biternata Savigny 1798
- = Sceptridium biternatum (Savigny) Lyon 1905
- Botrychium dissectum Sprengel 1804[59][60] – Dissected grapefern[61] or Cut-leaved grape-fern[62]
- = Botrychium obliquum Muhl. 1810[63]
- = Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon 1905
- Botrychium jenmanii Underw. 1900 – Alabama grapefern[64][65]
- = Sceptridium jenmanii (Underw.) Lyon 1905
- = Botrychium alabamense Maxon 1906[66]
- = Sceptridium alabamense (Maxon) Holub. 1973
- = Osmunda multifida S.G. Gmel. 1768
- = Botrychium silaifolium C.Presl 1825
- = Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spreng. 1827[72]
- = Sceptridium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) Nishida ex Tagawa 1958
- Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House 1905 – Blunt-lobed grapefern[73]
- = Sceptridium oneidense (Gilbert) Holub 1998[74]
- Botrychium rugulosum W.H.Wagner 1982[75] – St. Lawrence grape fern, Rugulose grape fern, Ternate grape fern[76]
- = Botrychium ternatum auct. non (Thunb.) Sw. 1801
- = Sceptridium rugulosum (W.H.Wagner) Skoda & Holub 1996
- Botrychium schaffneri Underw. 1903[77] –
- Botrychium subbifoliatum Brack. 1854[78] – Island grapefern[79][80]
= Sceptridium subbifoliatum (Brack.) Lyon 1905
- Botrychium underwoodianum Maxon 1905[81]
- = Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Sw. 1801
- = Sceptridium underwoodianum (Maxon) Lyon 1905[82]
Conservació
Els Botrychium es troben en ambients diversos, incloent praderies, boscos i muntanyes. Algunes de les seves espècies són força rares i l'esforç de la seva conservació poden ser difícils.[15] Encara més dificultat hi ha per obtenir informació en les seus cicles principalment subterranis.
La dependència que tenen de les mycorrhiza també fa difícil cultivar-les.
Referències
- ↑ Oriol de Bolòs i Josep Vigo: Flora dels Països Catalans 1980
- ↑ B. acuminatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. alaskense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. alaskense Iowa State Herbarium 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. ascendens Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. boreale Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. chamaeconium Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 02 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. campestre Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. campestre Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. crenulatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. daucifolium Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. daucifolium Taiwan Plant Names, www.eFlora.org 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. echo Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 03 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. echo USDA Forest Service,Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project July 22, 2004
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Johnson-Groh, C. L. and J. Lee (2002). “Phenology and demography of two species of Botrychium (Ophioglassaceae)”. American Journal of Botany 89 (10): 1624-1633.
- ↑ B. gallicomontanum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. hesperium Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. japonicum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 02 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. lanceolatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. lineare Washington State Department of Natural Resources 26-Dec-2011
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ B. lunaria Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Wagner, W. H.. Flora of North America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 85–91.
- ↑ B. lunarioides Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Muller, S. «The impact of a drought in spring on the sporulation of Botrychium matricariifolium (Retz) A. Br. in the Bitcherland (Northern Vosges, France)». Acta Oecologia, vol. 13, 1992, p. 335–343.
- ↑ B. matricariifolium Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. minganense Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. montanum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. mormo Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. neolunaria Iowa State Herbarium 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. pallidum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. paradoxum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. pedunculosum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. pinnatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. pseudopinnatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. pumicola Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 03 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. pumicola Oregon.gov ODA Plant Division, Plant Conservation 03 Dec 2012
- ↑ B. simplex Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. socorrense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. spathulatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ B. tunux Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. tunux Iowa State Herbarium 03 Jan 2012
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ B. yaaxudakeit Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. yaaxudakeit Iowa State Herbarium 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ Cobb, Farsworth & Lowe, Ferns of Northeastern North America 2nd edition, p. 247 (2005)
- ↑ B. virginianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ B. virginianum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Cobb, Farsworth & Lowe, Ferns of Northeastern North America 2nd edition, p. 265 (2005)
- ↑ Kelly, Dave «Demography and conservation of Botrychium australe, a peculiar, sparse mycorrhizal fern». New Zealand Journal of Botany, vol. 32, 1994, p. 393–400.
- ↑ B. australe Plants for a Future 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 17 Jan 2011
- ↑ B. biforme International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 02 Jan 2012
- ↑ S. biforme International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 02 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. biternatum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Montgomery, James D. «Survivorship and Predation Changes in Five Populations of Botrychium dissectum in Eastern Pennsylvania». American Fern Journal, vol. 80, 1990, p. 173–182.
- ↑ B. dissectum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. dissectum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ MICHIGAN FLORA ONLINE. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. January 16, 2012
- ↑ B. obliquum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. jenmanii Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. jenmanii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. alabamense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ Mesipuu, Meeli; R. P. Shefferson and T. Kull «Weather and herbivores influence fertility in the endangered fern Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr». Plant Ecology, vol. 203, 2009, p. 23–31.
- ↑ B. multifidum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. multifidum Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ B. multifidum University of Wisconsin, Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, Ferns and Fern Allies of Wisconsin. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Botrychium Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 02 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. oneidense Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Botrychium oneidense Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 16 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. rugulosum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. rugulosum Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. schaffneri Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 04 Jan 2012
- ↑ B. subbifoliatum International Plant Names Index 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ B. subbifoliatum ITIS taxonomy 26 Dec 2011
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite usda plants
- ↑ B. underwoodianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
- ↑ S. underwoodianum Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Dec 2011
A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Botrichyum
- Botrychium in Flora of North America (incl. Botrypus)