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Salvelinus alpinus alpinus

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Salvelinus alpinus alpinus és una subespècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.

Morfologia

Alimentació

Les poblacions d'aigua dolça mengen crustacis planctònics, amfípodes, mol·luscs, insectes i peixos.[6]

Paràsits

És parasitat per la tènia.[7]

Hàbitat

Viu a zones d'aigües dolces, salobres i marines, de clima temperat (4°C-16ºC),[8] i a una fondària de 30-70 m.[5][9]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Europa (des del nord de l'Atlàntic fins al sud de Noruega, el sud de Grenlàndia[10] i Islàndia.[11] N'hi ha, també, poblacions aïllades al nord de Gran Bretanya,[12] Escandinàvia, Finlàndia i els Alps) i a Amèrica[13][14] (Quebec, Maine i Nou Hampshire).[15][16][17][18][19][20][5]

Longevitat

Pot arribar a viure 40 anys.[21]

Amenaces medioambientals

És molt sensible a la contaminació de l'aigua.[22]

Interès comercial

Es comercialitza fresc, fumat, en conserva i congelat per a ésser cuinat al forn, al microones, saltat, rostit o fregit.[23]

Referències

  1. ↑ Richardson J. 1836. The Fish. A Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under the command of Sir John Franklin, R.N. Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3. i-xv + 1-327.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  3. ↑ IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registres de pesca IGFA fins al 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estats Units
  4. ↑ Svetovidov, A.N., 1984. Salmonidae. p. 373-385. A P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen i E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, París. vol. 1.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 FishBase (anglès)
  6. ↑ Hulley, P.A., 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. A J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post i L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa; SEI; París; i UNESCO, París. Vol. 1.
  7. ↑ Bigelow, H.B., M.G. Bradbury, J.R. Dymond, J.R. Greeley, S.F. Hildebrand, G.W. Mead, R.R. Miller, L.R. Rivas, W.L. Schroeder, R.D. Suttkus i V.D. Vladykov, 1963. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part three. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ.
  8. ↑ Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1991. Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Alemanya. 1104 p.
  9. ↑ Billard, R., 1997. Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausana, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p.
  10. ↑ Muus, B., F. Salomonsen i C. Vibe, 1990. Grønlands fauna (Fisk, Fugle, Pattedyr). Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag A/S København, 464 p.
  11. ↑ Danzmann, R.G., M.M. Ferguson, S. Skúlason, S.S. Snorrason i D.L.G. Noakes, 1991. Mitochondrial DNA diversity among four sympatric morphs of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., from Thingvallalatn, Iceland. J. Fish Biol. 39:649-659.
  12. ↑ Maitland, P.S. i R.N. Campbell, 1992. Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, Londres. 368 p.
  13. ↑ Scott, W.B. i M.G. Scott, 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.
  14. ↑ McPhail, J.D. i C.C. Lindsey, 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 173:381 p.
  15. ↑ Dempson, J.B. i J.M. Green, 1985. Life history of anadromous arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in the Fraser River, northern Labrador. Can. J. Zool. 63:315-324.
  16. ↑ Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt i C.K. Minns, 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. Núm. 2554. 89p.
  17. ↑ Coad, B.W. i J.D. Reist, 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p.
  18. ↑ Bocking, S., 1997. Fishing the inland seas: great lakes fisheries, fisheries management, and environmental policy in Ontàrio. p.53-73. A S.S. Crawford, A review and ecological evaluation of Salmonine introductions to the Great Lakes.
  19. ↑ Andrews, C.W. i E. Lear, 1956. The biology of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in northern Labrador. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 13:843-860.
  20. ↑ Robins, C.R. i G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 354 p.
  21. ↑ Quinn, S., 2001. How long do fish live? In-Fisherman 26(5):15.
  22. ↑ Allardi, J. i P. Keith, 1991. Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. Secrétariat Faune Flore, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, París. 234 p.
  23. ↑ Frimodt, C., 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.

Bibliografia

  • Andriyashev, A.P. i N.V. Chernova, 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123.
  • Beamish, F.W.H., 1980. Swimming performance and oxygen consumption of the charrs. p. 739-748. A E.K. Balon (ed.) Perspectives in vertebrae science: charrs, salmonid fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Chapter 24. W. Junk, Dordrecht, Països Baixos.
  • Berg, L.S., 1962. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volum 1, quarta edició. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Berkes, F. i M. Mackenzie, 1978. Cree fish names from Eastern James Bay, Quebec. Arctic 31(4):489-495.
  • Bogutskaya, N.G. i A.M. Naseka, 2002. An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. 296:21-30.
  • Breder, C.M. i D.E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 941 p.
  • Cavalli, L. i R. Chappaz, 1996. Diet, growth and reproduction of the Arctic charr in a high alpine lake. J. Fish Biol. 49(5):953-964.
  • Craig, P.C., 1984. Fish use of coastal waters of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: a review. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 113(3):265-282.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8. Any 1990.
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Fabricius, E., 1953. Aquarium observations on the spawning behaviour of the char, Salmo alpinus. Rept. Inst. Freshwater Res. Drottningholm 34: 14-48.
  • Finstad, A.G., P.A. Jansen i A. Langeland, 2000. Gillnet selectivity and size and age structure of an alpine Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) population. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57(8):1718-1727.
  • Gold, J.R., W.J. Karel i M.R. Strand, 1980. Chromosome formulae of North American fishes. Prog. Fish Cult. 42:10-23.
  • Goodson, G., 1988. Fishes of the Pacific coast. Alaska to Peru including the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Califòrnia. 267 p.
  • Grainger, E.H., 1953. On the age, growth, migration, reproductive potential and feeding habits of the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 10(6):326-370.
  • Graves, J. i E. Hall, 1988. Arctic Animals Department of Renewable Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, N.W.T., Canadà. 85 p.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estats Units, 1997.
  • McAllister, D.E., 1964. Fish Collections from eastern Hudson bay. Can. Field-Nat. 78:167-178.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000. ISBN 0130112828.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Nygren, A., B. Nilsson i M. Jahnke, 1971. Cytological studies in Salmo trutta and Salmo alpinus. Hereditas 67:259-268.
  • Phillips, R.B. i P.E. Ihssen, 1985. Chromosome banding in salmonid fish: Nucleolar organizer regions in Salmo and Salvelinus. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.. 27():433-440.
  • Phillips, R.B., K.A. Pleyte i P.E. Ihssen, 1989. Patterns of chromosomal nucleolar organizer region (NOR) variation in fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Copeia 1989:47-53.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985. ISBN 0356107159.
  • Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett i D.T.G. Quigley, 2004. Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 65 (Supplement B): 1-40

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