Llista de sistemes operatius

Classificació dels sistemes operatius

Els sistemes operatius (S.O.) es classifiquen pel tipus de tecnologia (Unix i d'altres com Windows), per la propietat i llicència d'ús (propietari o codi obert), estat de desenvolupament (històrics com DOS, OS/2, etc... o actius com GNU/Linux i Windows), tipus d'aplicació (GNU/Linux, i Windows, són d'aplicació general, per exemple), d'ordinador personal (DOS, Apple), exclusivament mainframe (AIX), funcionament exclusivament en temps real o de sistema integrat (QNX), si és per a un PDA, quin propòsit té (producció, recerca, oci, etc). Evidentment, aquesta classificació pot ser transversal.

Sistemes operatius primerencs i històricament importants

• CTSS (Compatible TimeShare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per Corbato, et al)
• Incompatible Timesharing System (Incompatible Timeshare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per a una computadora DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
• Sistema operatiu THE (per Dijkstra et al)
• Multics (projecte comú de desenvolupament d'un SO per part de Bell Labs, GE, i l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts)
• Master programme desenvolupat per Leo Computers, Leo III en 1962.
• Vegeu Cronologia dels sistemes operatius.

SO propietaris primerencs per a microordinadors

• Apple Computer (la versió inicial fou un firmware ROM'd juntament amb Integer BASIC; les versions més tardanes hi inclogueren Microsoft BASIC)
• Business Operating System (BOS) - de plataforma independent, i basat en un intérpret d'ordres.
• Commodore PET, Commodore 64, i Commodore VIC-20,
• La primera i genuïna IBM-PC (s'oferia 3 SO per a arrencar, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
• Sinclair BASIC i QL, etc
• TRS-DOS, ROM OS (amb una ampla implementació de Microsoft BASIC, i extensions del sistema de fitxers)
• TI99-4
• Flex (per Technical Systems Consultants per a microordinadors basats en Motorola 6800: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
• FLEX9 (per TSC per a micros basades en Motorola 6809)
• mini-FLEX (per TSC per a discos de 5.25" en màquines basades en 6800)

Propietari

Acorn Computers Ltd

• Arthur
• ARX
• RISC OS
• RISCiX

Amiga

• AmigaOS

Atari ST

• TOS
• MultiTOS
• MiNT

Apple/Macintosh

• Apple DOS
• ProDOS
• GS/OS
• Lisa OS
• A/UX
• Mac OS
• Mac OS X
• Mac OS X Server
• Darwin

Be Incorporated

• BeOS
  • BeIA
• Zeta

DEC/Compaq/Hewlett-Packard

• AIS
• OS/8
• ITS (per al PDP-6 i PDP-10)
• TOPS-10 (per al PDP-10)
• WAITS
• TENEX (del BBN)
• TOPS-20 (per al PDP-10)
• RSTS/E (funcionava en diverses màquines, començant pels PDP-11)
• RSX-11 (SO multiusuari i multitasca per als PDP-11)
• RT-11 (SO monousuario per al PDP-11)
• VMS (per DEC per a la mini-computadora VAX; més tard es denominaria OpenVMS)

IBM

• PC-DOS (original i indistingible del Microsoft MS-DOS)
• OS/2 (també MS-OS/2)
  • OS/2 Warp
• Basic Operating System (el primer sistema lliurat per al System 360, com a interí)
• TOS
• OS/360 (primer SO planificat per a l'arquitectura System 360)
• DOS/360
• DOS/VSE
• z/VSE (darrera versió de la gamma VSE)
• VM/CMS
• z/VM (darrera versió de la gamma VM)
• MFT (tardanament es denominaria OV/VS1)
• MVT (tardanament es denominaria OV/VS2)
• SVS
• MVS (darrera variant de MVT)
• TPF
• OS/390
• z/OS, Unix-like, (darrera versió del SO per al mainframe d'IBM)
• OS/400
• AIX (una versió d'Unix)
• ALCS
• IBSYS
• DPPX
• K42

ICT/ICL

• GEORGE
• VME
• DME
• TME

Microsoft

• MS-DOS (desenvolupat conjuntament amb IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)
• Windows CE (edició compacta, per al PDA)
• Microsoft Windows
  • Windows 1.0
  • Windows 2.0
  • Windows 3.0 la primera versió que realitzà impactes comercials importants
  • Windows 3.1
  • Windows 3.11 per a grups de treball
  • Windows 95
  • Windows 98 hi hagué una altra 98 Second Edition
  • Windows Me
  • Windows Vista
• OS/2 (desenvolupat conjuntament amb IBM)
• Windows NT
  • Windows NT 3.5
  • Windows NT 4.0
  • Windows 2000 (també Windows NT 5.0)
  • Windows XP (basat internament en Win2k, n'hi ha quatre versions: Home, Professional, Media Center, i Tablet PC)
  • Windows Server 2003
  • Microsoft Codename Longhorn (Windows Vista)
  • Microsoft Codename Blackcomb (serà lliurat entre l'any 2010 i 2012)
• Xenix (versió llicenciada d'Unix; venuda a SCO a la dècada dels 90)

Sun Microsystems

• Solaris, Unix-like
• SunOS, Unix-like, (evolucionà en Solaris)
• Java Desktop System

Altres

• THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation

Altres sistemes propietaris de tipus Unix i POSIX

• Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
• Cromix (SO emulador d'Unix de Cromemco)
• Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
• DNIX
• Digital UNIX (which became HP's Tru64)
• HP-UX from HP
• Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
• IRIX from SGI
• Mac OS X from Apple Computer
• NeXTSTEP
• OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
  • OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
  • OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
• OSF/1
• OPENSTEP
• QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
• Rhapsody
• RiscOS
• RMX
• SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO)
• System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
• UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
• Ultrix (DEC's first version of Unix for VAX, PDP-11, and MIPS architectures, based on BSD)
• UniCOS
• MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)

No propietaris (estil Unix)

Investigació ([estil Unix) i altres sistemes que compleixen POSIX

• Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
• UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
• Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
• Plan 9 (networking OS developed at Bell Labs)
• Plan 9, Inferno (networked OS originally from Bell Labs Computer Research)
• Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)

Codi obert (Estil Unix)

• BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
  • FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
    • DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD
  • NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  • OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
• OpenSolaris
  • Belenix
  • marTux
  • Nexenta OS
  • Polaris
  • SchilliX
  • OpenSolaris for System z
  • Indiana
• GNU/Linux
• GNU/Hurd
• SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University

Sistemes operatius de disc

• QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
  • MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
  • PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
• DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..] DOS variant)
• FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)

Investigació no-UNIX

• Mach (from OS kernel research at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)
• Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
• TUNES, 1994
• V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
• L4 Second generation microkernel

Genèrics, no-UNIX, i altres

• TripOS, 1978
• MorphOS (by Genesi)
• Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
  • CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research))
  • CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
  • MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
  • MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
• GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M and DOS)
• VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
• 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS)
• DESQView (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
  • DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
• GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
• 4NT (command-line user interface for Microsoft Windows)
• SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
• NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
• FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
• SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
• JavaOS
• UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
• Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
• AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
• VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
• Pick (often licensed and renamed)
• Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
• BS1000 by Siemens AG
• BS2000 by Siemens AG
• BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
• VM2000 by Siemens AG
• OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
• OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
• MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
• nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad_de_Chile

Hobby OS

• AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
• BlueIllusion OS
• Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
• ReactOS (Windows NT workalike)
• AtheOS became Syllable
  • Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)
• Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly language
• Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
• LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
• Panalix
• SECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus.
• Trion Operating System
• NewOS
• Visopsys
• Unununium

Sistemes Integrats

• Embedded Linux

Ordinadors de butxaca

• Palm OS original de Palm Inc; actualment propietat de PalmSource
• EPOC original de Psion (UK), ara pertany a Symbian, el nom preferit ara és Symbian OS
• Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, de Microsoft
  • Pocket PC de Microsoft, una variant de Windows CE.
• Linux pels Sharp Zaurus i Ipaq
• iPad

Smartphones

• Windows CE
• Linux, MontaVista Linux al Motorola A760, E680
• Palm OS
• Symbian OS
• iOS
• Android

Enrutador

• Linux
• IOS de Cisco Systems

Microcontroladors, temps real

• Contiki
• eCos
• Rtems [1]
• FreeRTOS [2]
• OSEK
• Nucleus
• QNX
• VxWorks
• ITRON
• µCLinux
• Embedded Linux
• TRON OS developed by Ken Sakamura
• ThreadX
• INTEGRITY
• MontaVista Linux
• OS-9 by Microware
• LynxOS
• RTOS

Interpretats

• Par-OS
• J98
• GWOS
• Swodniw

Sistemes operatius de ficció

Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.

• Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
• ALTIMIT OS - From .hack
• Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
• Wheatonix - April fool's joke.
• Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
• Luna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [3]
• Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
• LCARS- From television's Star Trek
• NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.

Enllaços externs

catàleg de sistemes operatius(anglès)